Prolactina, estradiol e anticorpos anticardiolipina em amostra de mulheres pré-menopáusicas com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: estudo-piloto / Prolactin, estradiol and anticardiolipin antibodies in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study

INTRODUÇÃO: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune com maior prevalência em mulheres. A maior incidência ocorre durante os anos reprodutivos, sugerindo que o estradiol tenha influência na apresentação clínica do LES. Anticorpos anticardiolipina (ac-ACL) estão relacionados com a síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídeo (SAF), mas podem estar presentes em pacientes com LES sem SAF, sendo relacionados com risco cardiovascular e nefrite. OBJETIVO: Determinar se a presença de ac-ACL está associada a alterações hormonais em uma amostra de mulheres com LES. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 47 mulheres com LES de acordo com os critérios do American College of Rheumatology, com idade média de 30,8 ± 8,12 anos. Nenhuma fazia uso de anticoncepcional hormonal, e a atividade do LES foi estimada pelo índice de atividade da doença (SLEDAI). As pacientes foram estratificadas de acordo com a presença ou não de ac-ACL, e os níveis séricos de estradiol e prolactina foram determinados. RESULTADOS: Nove (19,1 por cento) das 47 pacientes tiveram ac-ACL positivos. Idade, tempo de doença e o SLEDAI foram similares entre os grupos. No entanto, a mediana do estradiol foi menor no grupo com ac-ACL positivo [46,8 (21,0-72,1) pg/mL] com relação ao grupo com ac-ACL negativo [122,3 (64,8-172,7) pg/mL, P = 0,004]. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem, pela primeira vez, uma associação inversa entre ac-ACL e níveis de estradiol em pacientes pré-menopáusicas com LES. Considerando que tanto níveis reduzidos de estradiol endógeno quanto presença de ac-ACL estão associados a aterosclerose, este achado pode ser clinicamente relevante em predizer risco cardiovascular e/ou desenvolvimento de SAF no LES.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with higher prevalence in women. An incidence peak occurs during the reproductive years, suggesting that estradiol may play a role in the clinical presentation of SLE. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS), but can be found in patients with SLE without APLS, and relate to cardiovascular risk and nephrite. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing whether the presence of ACA is associated with hormonal changes in a sample of women with SLE. METHODS: Forty-seven women diagnosed with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, aged 30.8 ± 8.12 years, were evaluated. None was on hormonal contraception, and their SLE activity was estimated using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Patients were stratified, according to the presence or absence of ACA, and estradiol and prolactin levels were measured. RESULTS: Nine (19.1 percent) of 47 patients were positive for ACA. No differences were found between groups concerning age, duration of disease, and SLEDAI. In contrast, the median estradiol level was lower in the ACA-positive group [46.8 (21.0-72.1) pg/mL] than in the ACA-negative group [122.3 (64.8-172.7) pg/mL, P = 0.004]. CONCLUSION: These results suggest, for the first time, an inverse association between ACA and estradiol levels in premenopausal SLE patients. Considering that both lower endogenous estradiol levels and ACA positivity are related to atherosclerosis, our finding may be clinically relevant in predicting cardiovascular risk and/or APLS development in SLE.

Prolactin, estradiol and anticardiolipin antibodies in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with higher prevalence in women. An incidence peak occurs during the reproductive years, suggesting that estradiol may play a role in the clinical presentation of SLE. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS), but can be found in patients with SLE without APLS, and relate to cardiovascular risk and nephrite. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing whether the presence of ACA is associated with hormonal changes in a sample of women with SLE. METHODS: Forty-seven women diagnosed with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, aged 30.8 ± 8.12 years, were evaluated. None was on hormonal contraception, and their SLE activity was estimated using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Patients were stratified, according to the presence or absence of ACA, and estradiol and prolactin levels were measured. RESULTS: Nine (19.1%) of 47 patients were positive for ACA. No differences were found between groups concerning age, duration of disease, and SLEDAI. In contrast, the median estradiol level was lower in the ACA-positive group [46.8 (21.0-72.1) pg/mL] than in the ACA-negative group [122.3 (64.8-172.7) pg/mL, P = 0.004]. CONCLUSION: These results suggest, for the first time, an inverse association between ACA and estradiol levels in premenopausal SLE patients. Considering that both lower endogenous estradiol levels and ACA positivity are related to atherosclerosis, our finding may be clinically relevant in predicting cardiovascular risk and/or APLS development in SLE.

Prolactina e macroprolactina no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico ( LES ) / Prolactin and macroprolactin in systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE )

Existem fortes evidências sobre a influência dos hormônios sexuais na imunidade e na apresentacão de doencas auto-imunes, entre elas o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). As alteracões havidas nesses hormônios durante a gestacão podem ser responsáveis pelas mudancas observadas na apresentacão do LES nesse período. A prolactina, um hormônio hipofisário que tem seus níveis elevados durante a gestacão e o puerpério, assim como a sua forma de mais alto peso molecular, a macroprolactina, têm sido associadas a alteracões na apresentacão do LES. Ainda se desconhece, entretanto, muitos detalhes desse processo, sendo necessários outros estudos para que se possa compreender qual a influência das alteracões hormonais havidas nas gestacões com LES e sua relacão com a apresentacão da doenca.